Track 1: Motor vehicle negligence against the drunk driver
Like every Colorado car accident case, your claim against the impaired driver rests on four elements of negligence: duty, breach, causation, and damages. A driver whose blood alcohol exceeds the legal limit has violated a per-se duty of care, which makes establishing breach significantly easier than in a typical crash. Colorado gives you three years from the date of the collision to file a lawsuit (C.R.S. 13-80-101(1)(n)).
Colorado follows a modified comparative fault rule under C.R.S. 13-21-111. Your damages are reduced by your percentage of fault, but you can still recover as long as your share of fault is less than 50 percent. If you are found 50 percent or more at fault, you recover nothing. Because insurance adjusters routinely inflate the injured person's fault percentage to reduce payouts, having an attorney document what the drunk driver did matters from the very first day.
Track 2: Dram shop liability against the establishment
Colorado's Dram Shop Act (C.R.S. 44-3-801) gives injured people the right to sue a licensed vendor that willfully and knowingly served alcohol to a visibly intoxicated patron, or to anyone under 21, who then caused the harm. The dram shop statute imposes its own one-year deadline: the lawsuit must be commenced within one year after the alcohol was sold or served (C.R.S. 44-3-801(3)(a)(II)). That deadline is far shorter than the three-year window for the driver claim and runs from a different starting point, so waiting is dangerous. Total dram shop liability in any action is capped at a statutory amount adjusted for inflation every two years. For claims accruing on or after January 1, 2026 and before January 1, 2028, the Colorado Secretary of State has certified that cap at $465,730 (C.R.S. 44-3-801(3)(c)).
In a Denver DUI crash, both tracks are often pursued together. The driver's auto insurer responds to the negligence claim. The bar or restaurant's commercial general liability insurer responds to the dram shop claim. Together, those two sources of coverage can mean the difference between a partial recovery and full compensation for serious injuries.
Punitive damages and willful conduct
Colorado allows punitive (exemplary) damages when a defendant acted with fraud, malice, or willful and wanton disregard for others (C.R.S. 13-21-102). Choosing to drive with a blood alcohol level far above the legal limit, or choosing to serve a visibly intoxicated patron, can meet that standard. Punitive damages generally cannot exceed the amount of actual damages awarded (C.R.S. 13-21-102(1)(a)), and the court may increase the award up to three times actual damages if the defendant continued the willful and wanton conduct during the litigation (C.R.S. 13-21-102(3)). Whether punitives are worth pursuing depends on the specific facts and coverage available, and we assess that as part of our case evaluation.